What Does It Mean if an Article Has Been Peer Reviewed?
What is peer review?
Reviewers play a pivotal role in scholarly publishing. The peer review system exists to validate academic work, helps to improve the quality of published research, and increases networking possibilities within research communities. Despite criticisms, peer review is all the same the merely widely accepted method for research validation and has continued successfully with relatively pocket-size changes for some 350 years.
Background
Elsevier relies on the peer review process to uphold the quality and validity of individual manufactures and the journals that publish them.
Peer review has been a formal part of scientific advice since the first scientific journals appeared more than 300 years ago. The Philosophical Transactions of the Regal Society is idea to be the first periodical to formalize the peer review procedure nether the editorship of Henry Oldenburg (1618- 1677).
Despite many criticisms about the integrity of peer review, the bulk of the research community still believes peer review is the best form of scientific evaluation. This opinion was endorsed by the outcome of a survey Elsevier and Sense About Science conducted in 2009 and has since been further confirmed by other publisher and scholarly organization surveys. Furthermore, a 2015 survey by the Publishing Research Consortium, saw 82 percentage of researchers agreeing that "without peer review there is no control in scientific advice."
To acquire more about peer review, visit Elsevier's free due east-learning platform Researcher Academy.
The peer review procedure
Types of peer review
Peer review comes in dissimilar flavours: you must therefore check which variant is employed by the periodical on which you lot are working so y'all're aware of the respective rules. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Frequently one blazon of review will be preferred by a subject community only there is an increasing call towards more transparency around the peer review process. In example of questions regarding the peer review model employed by the journal for which you have been invited to review, consult the periodical's homepage or contact the editorial office directly.
Unmarried anonymized review
In this type of review, the names of the reviewers are hidden from the author. This is the traditional method of reviewing and is the most common blazon by far. Points to consider regarding single anonymizedreview include:
- Reviewer anonymity allows for impartial decisions – the reviewers should not be influenced past the authors.
- Authors may exist concerned that reviewers in their field could delay publication, giving the reviewers a adventure to publish first.
- Reviewers may use their anonymity as justification for existence unnecessarily critical or harsh when commenting on the authors' work.
Double anonymized review
Both the reviewer and the author are anonymous in this model. Some advantages of this model are listed below.
- Author anonymity limits reviewer bias, for case based on an author'south gender, land of origin, bookish status or previous publication history.
- Articles written by prestigious or renowned authors are considered on the basis of the content of their papers, rather than their reputation.
Just behave in mind that despite the above, reviewers tin can ofttimes identify the author through their writing fashion, subject matter or self-citation – it is exceedingly hard to guarantee total writer anonymity. More data for authors can exist found in our double-anonymized peer review guidelines.
Triple anonymized review
With triple anonymized review, reviewers are anonymous and the writer's identity is unknown to both the reviewers and the editor. Articles are anonymized at the submission phase and are handled in such a way to minimize any potential bias towards the author(s). However, information technology should be noted that:
- the complexities involved with anonymizing manufactures/authors to this level are considerable
- as with double anonymized review; in that location is however a possibility for the editor and/or reviewers to correctly divine the author's identity from their fashion, field of study thing, citation patterns or a number of other methodologies
Open review
Open peer review is an umbrella term for many different models aiming at greater transparency during and after the peer review process. The most common definition of open review is when both the reviewer and writer are known to each other during the peer review process. Other types of open peer review consist of:
- publication of reviewers' names on the article page.
- publication of peer review reports alongside the article, whether signed or anonymous.
- publication of peer review reports (signed or bearding) together with authors' and editors' responses alongside the article.
- publication of the paper after a quick check and opening a discussion forum to the community who can comment (named or anonymous).
Many believe this is the best way to forbid malicious comments, end plagiarism, forestall reviewers from following their own calendar, and encourage open up, honest reviewing. Others run across open review equally a less honest process, in which politeness or fearfulness of retribution may cause a reviewer to withhold or tone downwards criticism.
For three years, five Elsevier journals experimented with publication of peer review reports (signed or anonymous) as articles alongside the accepted paper on ScienceDirect (case).
Read more than about the experiment
More than transparent peer review
In full general, transparency is the key to trust in peer review. Many Elsevier journals therefore publish the proper noun of the commodity's handling editor on the published paper on ScienceDirect. Some journals also provide details about the number of reviewers who reviewed the article before acceptance.
Furthermore, in social club to provide updates and feedback to reviewers, most Elsevier journals inform reviewers about the editor's determination and their peers' recommendations.
Article transfer service: peer review cascade
Elsevier authors tin transfer their commodity submission from one journal to another for gratuitous if they are rejected, without the need to reformat, and oft without needing farther peer review.
Nosotros therefore enquire referees during the review process for their consent to transfer their full review written report (including all comments to the writer and editor) forth with the manuscript to the receiver journal. The benefits of total manuscript review cascades are twofold:
- Reviewers are not asked to review the aforementioned manuscript several times for different journals.
- Authors exercise not demand to spend boosted fourth dimension reformatting their manuscript.
Tools and resources
Elsevier Researcher University modules
Source: https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers/what-is-peer-review
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